Appendix C: Plant TES Occurring in Flatwoods and Sandhills on Military Installations

Table C1. Federally listed threatened, endangered, species at risk, candidate plant species, and species at risk occurring in flatwoods and sandhills
on installations in the southeast region.

Common Name	Scientific Name	Installation	Federal Status	NWI Class	Habitat/Community
Woody Plants
Anise Tree, Yellow	Illicium parviflorum	NAS Jacksonville, FL	SAR	OBL	Observed in disturbed pine flatwoods, probably an ornamental planting (Environmental Services and Permitting, Inc. 1990). Naturally occurs in low woods and swamps (Small 1972).
Jointweed, Large-leaved	Polygonella macrophylla	NAS Pensacola and outlying Bronson Field, FL	SAR	NL	Sandy soils, usually in natural openings in scrubs, occasionally observed in disturbances in sandhills; disturbed areas (Johnson 1993b).
Lead Plant, Georgia	Amorpha georgiana var. georgiana	Camp Mackall and Fort Bragg, NC	SAR	FACW	Occurs primarily in pine/shrub wiregrass terraces along rivers and streams, a type of mesic pine flatwoods. Usually occurs at the ecotone between the pine community and the floodplain. Collections also include swamp forest, low flatwoods, low wet pasture, and sandy wiregrass savanna. The species favors clearings; often small ones created by treefall or forest cutting (Russo et al. 1993). Pocosins, ecotones, wet-mesic savannas/flatwoods (Jordan et al. 1995).
Maracao Cimarron	Brysonomia lucida	NAS Key West, FL	SAR		Low hammocks and pinelands, Florida Keys (Small 1972).
Nestronia	Nestronia umbellula	Fort Benning, GA Camp Mackall and Fort Bragg, NC	SAR	NL	Woods and streambanks, Piedmont to Appalachian Plateau (Small 1972).
Plume, Georgia	Elliotia racemosa	Fort Stewart, GA	SAR	NL	Oak ridges and sandhills (Small 1972).
Rhododendron, Chapman's	Rhododendron chapmanii	Camp Blanding, FL	E	FACW+	Light shade to full sun, good drainage with no chance of flooding, sandy soil with water table near surface. Species always occurs adjacent to a black titi (Cliftonia monophylla) bog, and always occupies habitat between pine flatwoods and sand pine scrub ("scrubby flatwoods") (USFWS 1983).
Sumac, Michaux's	Rhus michauxii	Camp Mackall and Fort Bragg, NC	E	NL	Sandy soils in openings, disturbed areas (USFWS 1993b). Sites are slightly loamy but well drained and occur throughout the sandhills in slight depressions, swales, or along lower slopes; also occurs in the Piedmont (Russo et al. 1993).
White Wicky	Kalmia cuneata	Camp Mackall and Fort Bragg, NC	SAR	FACW+	Moist ecotones between streamhead pocosins and sandhills. Also may occur at the margins or within Carolina bays. Usually found on soils having a long hydroperiod and overlain with a layer of organic material. In well-burned areas where shading is minimal (Russo et al. 1993).
Forbs
Balduina, Purple	Balduina atropurpurea	Fort Stewart, GA	SAR		Pitcher plant bogs, wet flatwoods, savannas.
Bog-asphodel, Smooth	Tofieldia glabra	Camp Mackall and Fort Bragg, NC MCB Camp Lejeune, NC	SAR	FACW	Occurs on moist ecotones between streamhead pocosins or herbaceous seeps/bogs and sandhills; also occurs within savannas and wet flatwoods, especially where they border wetlands. Also can be found in open, disturbed habitats (e.g., roadside ditches, powerline rights of way; Russo et al. 1993).
Bog Buttons, Southern	Lachnocaulon beyrichianum	Sunny Point MOT, NC	SAR	OBL	Sandy shores and springy places (Small 1972).
Bog Buttons, Tiny	Lachnocaulon digynum	NAS Whiting Field, FL	SAR	FACW+	Seasonally or semipermanently saturated substrates (usually with little or no shrub or tree cover), herbaceous bogs and seeps, and wet flatwoods (Bridges 1986).
Butterwort, Chapman's	Pinguicula planifolia	Eglin AFB, FL Hulburt Field Eglin AFB, FL NAS Pensacola and outlying field, Bronson, FL Tyndall AFB, FL Whiting Field, FL	SAR	OBL	In shallow water, margins of peaty ponds, bogs, boggy flatwoods, ditches and drainage canals (Godfrey and Wooten 1981).
Butterwort, Godfrey's	Pinquicula ionantha	Tyndall AFB, FL	T		Bogs, flatwoods depressions, adjacent ditches, or drainage canals (Godfrey and Wooten 1981).
Chaffseed, American	Schwalbea americana	Camp Mackall and Fort Bragg, NC	E	FAC	Usually occurs in sandy, acidic, seasonally moist soils (Kral 1983). Sandhills, flatwoods, and ecotones between them and adjacent pocosins or herbaceous seeps/bogs (Jordan,Wheaton, and Weiher 1995).
Coneflower, Smooth	Echinacea laevigata	Fort Jackson, SC	E		A roadside occurrence adjacent to pine flatwoods (Nelson 1992). Usually associated with basic or circumneutral soils (Radford, Ahles, and Bell 1968).
Coneflower, Yellow	Rudbeckia nitida var. nitida	Fort Stewart, GA	SAR	variety not listed	This species occurs in moist to acidic clearings in pinelands, either flatwoods or swales in sandhills (Kral 1983).
Cowbane, Piedmont	Oxypolis ternata	MCB Camp Lejeune, NC	SAR	OBL	Wet flatwoods, pocosins, herbaceous seeps/bogs, ecotones between flatwoods or sandhills and pocosins or herbaceous seeps/bogs; disturbed areas (Jordan,Wheaton, and Weiher 1995).
Crownbeard, Chapman's	Verbesina chapmanii	Tyndall AFB, FL	SAR	FACW+	Moist pine flatwoods. Confined to long hydro period, black, sandy-peaty soils, also at the edges of boggy sites (Kral 1983); bogs, grassy cypress depressions (Godfrey and Wooten 1981).
Crownbeard, Variable-leaf	Verbesina heter ophylla	NAS Cecil Field, FL	SAR	FACW	Seasonally wet pine flatwoods (Godfrey and Wooten 1981). Confined to somewhat drier sites on flatwoods (Kral 1983).
Eulophia	Pteroglossaspis ecristata	Fort Stewart, GA	SAR	NL	Tolerates a wide range of moisture conditions, from very xeric to seasonally inundated or almost permanently saturated soils, but most records are from sites that dry out, at least seasonally. Scrub, sandhills, flatwoods, and various natural and human-disturbed open areas (Russo et al. 1993).
Flax, West's	Linum westii	Eglin AFB, FL	SAR	OBL	Boggy depressions in pine flatwoods, margins of cypress ponds and depressions, St. John's-wort bogs, adjacent ditches (Godfrey and Wooten, 1981)
Goldenrod, Carolina	Solidago pulchra	MCAS Cherry Point, NC MCB Camp Lejeune, NC	SAR	NL	Wet or mesic flatwoods, and ecotones between flatwoods and adjacent pocosins or herbaceous seeps/bogs (Jordan,Wheaton, and Weiher 1995). Occasionally occurs in savanna ditches, savanna borrow scrape ecotones, powerline rights of way, and roadsides (Russo et al. 1993).
Goldenrod, Spring Flowering	Solidago verna	Camp Mackall and Fort Bragg, NC MCAS Cherry Point, NC	SAR	OBL	Wet flatwoods, and ecotones between flatwoods or sandhills and adjacent wetlands (Jordan,Wheaton, and Weiher 1995); numerous occurrences in disturbed areas (Russo et al. 1993).
Grass of Parnassus, Carolina	Parnassia caroliniana	Camp Mackall and Fort Bragg, NC	SAR	OBL	Prefers low, permanently moist drainages in open, herb-dominated grasslands (seeps/bogs, flat woods, savannas, and ecotones between flatwoods or sandhills and adjacent wetlands); also found in disturbed areas (Russo et al. 1993).
Groovebur, Incised	Agrimonia incisa	Fort Benning, GA Fort Stewart, GA MCLB Albany, GA	SAR	NL	Sandy open woodlands, well-drained ravine heads, bluffs and small clearings (Kral 1983); Sandhills (Jordan,Wheaton, and Weiher 1995).
Hoary-pea, Pineland	Tephrosia mohrii	Eglin AFB, FL	SAR	NL	Pinelands (Small 1972).
Loosestrife, Rough-leaved	Lysimachia asperulaefolia	Camp Mackall and Fort Bragg, NC MCB Camp Lejeune, NC	E	OBL	Ecotones between longleaf pine uplands (flatwoods and sandhills) and pocosins or herbaceous seeps/bogs in moist, sandy, or peaty soils with low vegetation that allows for abundant sunlight in the herb layer. Also occurs in disturbed areas (Russo et al. 1993).
Meadow-beauty, Awned	Rhexia aristosa	MCB Camp Lejeune, NC	SAR	OBL	Wet/mesic flatwoods, margins of ponds or depressions in pinelands, swamps; disturbed areas (Jordan,Wheaton, and Weiher 1995); Carolina bays, cypress savannas (LeBlond, Fussel, and Braswell 1994a).
Milk-vetch, Sandhills	Astragalus michauxii	Camp Mackall and Fort Bragg, NC	SAR	NL	Sandhills (Jordan, Wheaton, and Weiher 1995); does not appear to colonize disturbed sites and has low tolerance for disturbance in existing sites (Russo et al. 1993).
Milkweed, Southern	Asclepias viridula	Eglin AFB, FL	C	FACW-	Moist, acidic pineland savanna; substrate is fine sand that stays moist or wet throughout most of the year (Kral 1983).
Monkey-face	Platanthera integrilabia	Fort McClellan, Main Post, AL	SAR	OBL	Wet, flat, boggy areas at the head of streams or on seepage slopes. Usually associated with sphagnum moss (Sphagnum spp.) and usually grows in partial shade (Shea 1992).
Morning Glory, Pickering's	Stylisma pickeringii var pickeringii	Fort Benning, GA Fort Gordon, GA Camp Mackall and Fort Bragg, NC	SAR	NL	Dry to xeric, nutrient-poor, well-drained, coarse sandy soils with little competing vegetation or litter; areas where tree cover is sparse to non-existent. Occurs in xeric sandhills and on ex posed bluffs; often found in sparsely vegetated disturbed areas (e.g., roadsides, drop zones, tank training sites; Russo et al. 1993).
Pitcher Plant, White-topped	Sarracenia leucophylla	Eglin AFB, FL Hulburt Field, Eglin AFB, FL NAS Pensacola, FL	SAR	OBL	Bogs, wet flatwoods, boggy borders of branch bays and cypress depressions, boggy areas by small streams (Godfrey and Wooten 1981). Areas that are wet almost year-round (TESII 1994).
Pyxie-moss, Well's	Pyxidanthera barbulata var. brevifolia	Camp Mackall and Fort Bragg, NC	SAR	NL	Xeric, thinly wooded sterile sands (Russo et al. 1993).
Savory, Toothed	Calamintha dentata	Eglin AFB, FL	SAR	NL	Sandhills (FNAI 1994).
Spurge, Porter's	Chamaescyce porteriana var. scoparia	Naval Communications Unit, Saddlebunch Key, FL	SAR		Pine flatwoods (Dave Martin, pers. comm.).
Venus' Flytrap	Dionaea muscipula	Camp Mackall and Fort Bragg, NC MCB Camp Lejeune, NC	SAR	FACW	Wet/mesic flatwoods, ecotones between flatwoods or sandhills and adjacent pocosins or herbaceous seeps/bogs, disturbed areas (Jordan, Wheaton, and Weiher 1995).
Wild Indigo, Hairy	Baptisia calycosa var. villosa	Eglin AFB, FL NAS Whiting Field, FL	SAR	NL	Dry, sandy pinelands (Small 1972) or oak woods; also along roadsides, railroads, powerlines (Isley 1990).
Yellow-eyed Grass, Drummond's	Xyris drummondii	Eglin AFB, FL Tyndall AFB, FL	SAR	OBL	Bogs or boggy places where soil moisture is high; it is always in full sun. Pitcher plant bogs in flatwoods are ideal. Also found in areas with clearcutting (Kral 1983). Moist acid sands, sandy peats, or sphagnous peats (Godfrey and Wooten 1981).
Yellow-eyed Grass, Harper's	Xyris scabrifolia	Tyndall AFB, FL	SAR	OBL	Moist to wet sandy peats (Russo et al. 1993). Pocosins, herbaceous seeps/bogs and ecotones between these communities and flatwoods or sandhills (Jordan,Wheaton, and Weiher 1995).
Yellow-eyed Grass, Quillwort	Xyris isoetifolia	Tyndall AFB, FL	SAR	OBL	Moist sands or sandy peat of savanna bogs, flatwoods pond margins, and lakeshores (Godfrey and Wooten 1981).
Grasses, Rushes and Sedges
Dropseed, Pine Barrens	Sporobolus sp. 1	MCB Camp Lejeune, NC	SAR	NL	Wet flatwoods, savannas, small depression pocosins, and pond margins (LeBlond, Fussell, and Braswell 1994a).
Grass, Curtis' Sand	Calamovilfa curtissii	Eglin AFB, FL Hulburt Field, Eglin AFB, FL NAS Whiting Field. FL	SAR	FAC	Most often found in ecotone between flatwoods and wetter areas that have wiregrass (A. beytrichiana) as the most common species. Occurs as a band around ponds, in the zone between titi (Cyrilla racemiflora) and saw palmetto. In ponds surrounded by sandhills or scrub, it may fill the entire depression (Johnson 1993a).
Grass, Florida Toothache	Ctenium floridanum	NAS Cecil Field, FL	SAR	FACW	Seasonally wet pine savannas, flatwoods, bogs (Godfrey and Wooten 1981).
Grass, Southern Threeawn	Aristida simpliciflora	Eglin AFB, FL Camp Shelby, MS	SAR	FAC-	Moist pine woods (Small 1972).
Sedge, Umbrella	Cyperus grayoides	Fort Polk, LA	SAR	NL	Full sun sites in sandhills (Hart and Lester 1993).

Legend:

Federal Rankings: E = Endangered; T = Threatened; C = Candidate Species (formerly C1 species); SAR = Species at Risk (formerly C2/C3 species);

NWI (National Wetland Indicator) Class:

OBL = Obligate Wetland = occurs with an estimated 99% probability in wetlands
FACW = Facultative Wetland = an estimated 67 to 99% probability of occurrence in wetlands
FAC = Facultative = equally likely to occur in wetlands and nonwetlands (34 to 66% probability)
NL = Not listed
A positive sign (+) indicates a frequency toward the higher end of a category (more frequently found in wetlands), and a negative sign ( - ) indicates a frequency toward the lower end of a category (less frequently found in wetlands).

Source: Reed, P.B., Jr., 1988.