Appendix D: Animal TES Occurring in Flatwoods and Sandhills on Military Installations

Table D1. Federally listed candidate animal species, and animal species at risk known to occur in the Longleaf Pine-Turkey Oak sandhills community
On at least one military installation in the southeastern United States.

Common Name	Scientific Name	Installation	Fed. Status	Status on Installation	Habitat/ Community
Mammals
Bear, Florida Black	Ursus americanus floridanus	Eglin AFB, FL Camp Blanding, FL	SAR	Documented Documented
Bear, Louisiana Black	Ursus americanus luteolus				Primarily bottomland hardwood forests, but has been documented using coastal flatwoods habitats.
Squirrel, Sherman's Fox	Sciurus niger shermani	Camp Blanding, FL Avon Park, FL	SAR	Documented	Primarily longleaf pine-turkey oak sandhills characterized by large, well-spaced pines and an understory of scattered or clumped oaks, although they may also be found in other open pine stands, mixed pine-hardwood forests, and in ecotones between forest types.
Birds
Eagle, Bald	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	Anniston Army Depot, AL Fort Rucker, AL Redstone Arsenal, AL NAS Jacksonville, FL NAS Key West, FL Eglin AFB, FL Camp Blanding, FL Fort Benning, GA Fort Stewart, GA Fort Gordon, GA Savannah Army Depot, GA Barksdale AFB, LA Louisiana AAP, LA MOT Sunny Point, NC Fort Bragg, NC Charleston NWS, SC Fort Jackson, SC Fort Belvoir, VA Fort Lee, VA Fort A.P. Hill	T	Potential Potential Potential Documented Potential Potential Documented Documented Documented Potential Documented Potential Potential Documented Potential Potential Potential Documented Potential Potential	Nests are almost always associated with creeks, rivers, and large bodies of water. Most nests in Florida occur in live or dead pine trees (mainly longleaf, slash, loblolly, and sand pines). Wintering bald eagles are most often associated with riparian and open water areas that provide an ample food supply and have adequate nocturnal roost sites. Bald eagles have also been reported to spend a substantial portion of winter in more terrestrial, inland habitats hunting small prey and scavenging livestock and wildlife.
Kestrel, Southeastern American	Falco sparverius paulus	Fort Rucker, AL Anniston AD, AL Camp Blanding, FL Eglin AFB, FL Fort Gordon, GA Fort Benning, GA Louisiana AAP, LA Fort Jackson, SC	SAR	Potential Potential Documented Potential Documented Potential Documented Documented	Found in open habitats, primarily in open pasture-like areas that include dead trees (i.e., snags). Also prefer open longleaf pine-turkey oak sandhill communities, agricultural\mixed hardwood communities, pine flatwoods, grasslands, pastures, open sites within suburban and residential areas (e.g., golf courses, parks), edges of river bottoms, and along coastal regions.
Shrike, Loggerhead	Lanius ludovicianus		SAR		Characteristically birds of open country, occurring from deserts and prairies in the West to pastures and fields in the East. They supposedly avoid rowcrops for nesting but may use them during autumn. Longleaf pine savannas and open, mature stands of loblolly pine-shortleaf pine also provide suitable habitat for the shrike in the Southeast.
Sparrow, Bachman's	Aimophila aestivalis	Anniston AD, AL Fort Rucker, AL Eglin AFB, FL Camp Blanding, FL Fort Stewart, GA Fort Gordon, GA Fort Benning, GA MCLB Albany, GA Camp Beauregard, LA Fort Polk, LA Camp Shelby, MS Fort Bragg, NC Fort Jackson, SC Fort Pickett, VA Fort A.P. Hill, VA	SAR	Potential Potential Documented Documented Documented Documented Documented Documented Documented Documented	Found in a variety of breeding habitats, including old deserted fields having dense grasses. Nests are typically in dry, open longleaf or shortleaf pine woods with a grassy herbaceous layer consisting of bluestems and forbs, and scattered shrubs or saw palmetto. In winter, scrub oak, open broom sedge fields, fence rows, and wet upland edges of river swamps and saltwater shores are used.
Woodpecker, Red-Cockaded	Picoides borealis	Camp Blanding, FL Eglin AFB, FL Fort Benning, GA Fort Stewart, GA Fort Gordon, GA MCLB Albany, GA Fort Jackson, SC NWS Charleston, SC Camp Shelby, MS MOT Sunny Point, NC Fort Bragg, NC Fort McClellan, AL Fort Polk, LA Louisiana AAD, LA	E	Potential Documented Documented Documented Potential Potential Documented Documented Documented Documented Potential Documented Potential	Inhabit open, mature pine woodlands maintained by low-intensity fire during the growing season. Optimal habitat is characterized as a broad savanna with a scattered overstory of large pine trees and a dense, diverse groundcover of grasses, forbs, and shrubs (Hooper, Robinson, and Jackson 1980, Jordan, Wheaton, and Wieher 1995).
Reptiles
Snake, Eastern Indigo	Drymarchon corais couperi	Camp Blanding, FL Eglin AFB, FL Homestead NSGA Fort Stewart, GA Fort Gordon, GA Fort Benning, GA MCLB Albany, GA Camp Shelby, MS	T	Potential Documented Potential Potential Potential	Xeric uplands, pine flatwoods, wet prairies, and mangrove swamps. In southern Florida, common in riparian habitat, tropical hammocks, dry glades, and muckland fields. Outside peninsular Florida, snakes typically occupy upland ridges. In more northern portions of its range, the indigo snake is typically found in xeric, sandhill habitats with well-drained sandy soils. In Georgia, key habitat includes sand ridges associated with major coastal plain streams characterized by scrub oak, longleaf pine and turkey oak, or slash pine-dwarf oak areas, as well as clear-cut areas with windrows. During the spring and fall, indigo snakes in Georgia may use creek bottom thickets, upland pine-hardwood forest, mixed hardwood forest, and agricultural fields.
Snake, Pine (Florida, Black, Northern)	Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus	Anniston AD, AL Camp Blanding, FL Eglin AFB, FL Fort Stewart, GA Fort Gordon, GA Fort Benning, GA Fort Polk, LA Camp Shelby, MS Fort Bragg, NC Camp Mackall, NC Fort Jackson, SC	SAR	Potential Documented Documented Documented Documented Documented Potential	Typically found in areas of sandy soil dominated by scrub pines and shrubs, flat sandy pine barrens, sandhills, and dry mountain ridges, longleaf pine sandhills, sandy old fields, turkey oak-pine forests. In Louisiana, both black and Louisiana pine snakes are restricted to longleaf pine forests and second growth longleaf pine-blackjack oak (Q. marilandica) associations. Louisiana pine snakes have been observed foraging in a seasonally dry, acid bog in Texas. The Florida pine snake is found in xeric sites, occurring primarily in longleaf pine-turkey oak woodlands, but also in sand pine scrub, pine flatwoods on well-drained soils, and old fields on former sandhill sites.
Tortoise, Gopher	Gopherus polyphemus	Fort Rucker, AL Orlando Naval Training Center, FL Eglin AFB, FL Camp Blanding, FL Fort Benning, GA Fort Stewart, GA MCLB Albany, GA Fort Gordon, GA Camp Shelby, MS	SAR/T	Documented Documented Potential Documented	Occupies a wide range of open, upland habitats with a well-drained, deep sandy substrate, primarily longleaf pine-xerophytic oak woodlands (sandhills) but also xeric hammock, sand pine and oak scrub, pine flatwoods, coastal grasslands, dry prairie, and a variety of ruderal and successional habitat types. These habitats are suitable for construction of its extensive burrows, provide ample herbaceous vegetation for food, and sunny areas for nesting and thermoregulation. Usually abandons densely canopied areas and also can be found in disturbed habitats such as roadsides, fence rows, old fields, and the edges of overgrown (unburned) uplands.
Amphibians
Frog, Gopher (Dusky, Carolina, Florida)	Rana areolata spp.	Camp Blanding, FL Eglin AFB, FL Fort Stewart, GA Fort Gordon, GA Fort Benning, GA Camp Shelby, MS Fort Bragg, NC Camp Mackall, NC MOT Sunny Point, NC	C/SAR	Documented Documented Potential Documented Potential	Gopher frogs breed in ephemeral to semi-permanent graminoid-dominated wetlands that lack large predatory fish. Also have been observed breeding in ditches and borrow pits, and have been heard calling from a recently re-filled, normally permanent wetland following an extreme drought. The reproductive habitat is best described as a circular or near-circular depression marsh, ranging from 0.4 ha to 33.5 ha. Pocosins and riparian stream corridors interlaced with longleaf pine communities are considered quality habitat in North Carolina.
Salamander, Flatwoods	Ambystoma cingulatum	Eglin AFB, FL Camp Blanding, FL Fort Stewart, GA Marine Corps Logistics Base, GA	SAR	Documented Documented	Breeding sites can include roadside ditches and borrow pits, typically encircled by a wiregrass-dominated graminaceous ecotone. Larvae occur in acidic, tannin-stained ephemeral wetlands (swamps or graminoid-dominated depressions) up to 9.5 ha, and are usually =0.5 m deep. The overstory is typically dominated by pond cypress (Taxodium ascendens), blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora), and slash pine. Post-larval salamanders inhabit mesic longleaf pine-wiregrass flatwoods and savannas. The terrestrial habitat is best described as a topographically flat or slightly rolling wiregrass-dominated grassland having little to no midstory and an open overstory of widely scattered longleaf pine. High quality occurrences include several wetlands within a matrix of pine flatwoods and savanna.